Voltaire, pen name of François-Marie Arouet (1694–1778), was a French Enlightenment writer, philosopher, and historian. A fierce advocate of reason, freedom of thought, and civil liberties, Voltaire used satire and wit to critique the societal and religious norms of his time. His most famous work, “Candide” (1759), is a satirical novella that exposes the flaws of optimism and challenges prevailing philosophical ideals. Voltaire’s prolific output includes plays, essays, and historical works, such as “Letters Concerning the English Nation” and “Philosophical Dictionary.” Known for his acerbic wit, he targeted religious intolerance and social injustice in works like “Treatise on Tolerance.”
A key figure of the Enlightenment, Voltaire’s ideas influenced the French Revolution and continue to shape discussions on reason, tolerance, and human rights. His commitment to intellectual freedom and his role in promoting secularism have solidified his legacy as a major intellectual figure of the 18th century.
