Karl Marx (1818–1883) was a German philosopher, economist, and political theorist who co-authored “The Communist Manifesto” (1848) and penned the seminal work “Das Kapital.” Born in Trier, Marx’s ideas became foundational to modern socialist and communist thought. His theories, collectively known as Marxism, examined historical materialism, class struggle, and the concept of surplus value, forming the basis for his critique of capitalist society. Marx argued that the capitalist system perpetuated social inequality and exploitation, predicting a historical progression toward a classless, communist society.
Despite controversy and adaptations over time, Marx’s influence extended far beyond academic circles, shaping political movements, revolutions, and social thought throughout the 20th century. While interpretations of Marx’s ideas have varied, his impact on economics, sociology, and political philosophy remains profound, making him one of the most influential figures in the development of modern social and political thought.
